Concussions
There are two subtypes of concussion:

• Simple concussion – characterised by an uneventful progressive recovery within seven to 10 days with rest being the most important component of management. Most concussions fall into this category
• Complex concussion – where recovery takes longer than seven to 10 days and/or is complicated by problems such as fits, recurrence of symptoms associated with exercise or prolonged unconsciousness.

How to treat concussions:

1. Examine the victim
2. Any suspected head injury, or concussion, needs to be evaluated by a medical professional
3. Keep the victim as still as possible
4. Know how to assess consciousness
5. If the victim is conscious, ask questions continually
6. Keep the conscious or unconscious victim's head cool with an ice pack or damp cloths
7. Allow the victim to rest

Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3 [video]

Heat Strokes
Prevent heat strokes by:

• The most important measures to prevent heat strokes are to avoid becoming dehydrated and to avoid vigorous physical activities in hot and humid weather.
• If you have to perform physical activities in hot weather, drink plenty of fluids (such as water and sports drinks), but avoid alcohol, caffeine, and tea which may lead to dehydration.
• Your body will need replenishment of electrolytes (such as sodium) as well as fluids if you sweat excessively or perform vigorous activity in the sunlight for prolonged periods.
• Take frequent breaks to hydrate yourself. Wear hats and light-colored, lightweight, loose clothes.

How to treat heat strokes:

1. Get the victim to a shady area, remove clothing, apply cool or tepid water to the skin (for example you may spray the victim with cool water from a garden hose), fan the victim to promote sweating and evaporation, and place ice packs under armpits and groin.
2. Monitor body temperature with a thermometer and continue cooling efforts until the body temperature drops to 101 to 102 F (38.3 to 38.8 C).
3. Always notify emergency services (911) immediately. If their arrival is delayed, they can give you further instructions for treatment of the victim.